Noun Phrase

Determiner, adverb, adjective and noun have their common nature of language so they can join to make a Noun Phrase but they are not necessary to appear together at once. Here are the possibilities:

Boys                                                        are clever.

The boys                                                 are clever.

The bad boys                                          are clever.

The very bad boys                                  are clever.

Formula:

Det(s)+Adv+Adj(s)+N*

The noun is a Head Noun of the NP. The others are functioning as a Modifier in the NP.

[All the very clever young students] [are] [here].

 Dt+Dt+ Adv+  Adj+    Adj    +   N

                      NP: Subject

vFunctions of NP in a sentence

1. Subject (before verb, Doer, Topic of the rest of the sentence)

e.g. [The students] are tired of English Grammar.

            NP: Subject

2. Object (Receiver, Patient)

a. Direct Object

I eat [the tasty food]. NP: Direct Object 

b. Indirect Object

I give [my lovely sister] [a very good bike].

           Det+ Adj+ N: NP: Indirect Object

A Di-transitive Verb needs both Direct Object and Indirect Object: give, grant, hand, leave, take, teach, tell, throw, write, read, sell, send, show, make, borrow, lend, provide, pay

3. Complement

a. Subject Complement

e.g. I am [a teacher].

                NP: Sub. Com.

Linking Verbs need subject complement:

appear, be, become, look, prove, remain, seem, sound, stay

b. Object Complement

I consider Bora [a very stupid boy].

                             NP: Obj. Com.

After a Complex-transitive verb: believe, call, consider, declare, find, keep, leave, like, make, paint, prefer, prove, think, want and (appoint, elect, name, vote) 

4. Adverbial ( mainly telling time)

e.g. I am going to Phnom Penh [next week].

                                                  NP: Adverbial